Output buffering is a mechanism provided by PHP that allows scripts to temporarily store output content in a buffer instead of sending it directly to the browser. This means the server can cache all output before the script finishes executing and then send everything at once. The benefits of this approach include:

When developing database-related applications in PHP, knowing how to use PDO::errorCode and errorInfo can help you quickly identify connection or query issues and improve debugging efficiency.

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unset() is a built-in PHP function used to destroy a variable. After using unset(), the variable is no longer accessible, and the memory it occupied is released. Especially when handling large datasets or complex data structures, using unset() appropriately can help reduce memory usage and prevent memory leaks.

In PHP, the date_create_immutable function is used to create an immutable date-time object. Unlike the date_create function, date_create_immutable returns a DateTimeImmutable object, which always returns a new object when modified instead of altering the original. This immutability provides safer and more predictable behavior in many scenarios.

This article explains how to use the built-in PHP function show_source() (alias highlight_file()) to display the full source code of the current PHP file in a syntax-highlighted format, along with practical examples, usage scenarios, and important precautions.

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This article is for developers who want to understand and correctly apply hash functions in PHP. We compare MD5 and SHA-1, offering clear and practical advice on their principles, output, collision resistance, speed, typical use cases, and real-world usage in PHP, while also introducing safer alternatives and usage considerations.

The rewind() function is a common file operation in PHP that resets the file pointer back to the beginning of the file, often used when you need to reread the file. However, when using rewind(), you may encounter a “resource cannot be rewound” error. This usually happens when the file resource has already been closed or when the resource itself does not support rewinding.

The cURL extension is a powerful tool for making HTTP requests. Whether you need to interact with external APIs or scrape web content, cURL provides a flexible and efficient solution. For beginners, learning how to use curl_init() to perform a simple GET request is an essential starting point.