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get_meta_tags 和DOMDocument 的結合使用：如何解析網頁並提取Meta 信息？

gitbox 2025-06-30

一、使用get_meta_tags提取Meta 信息

PHP 內置的get_meta_tags函數是一個非常簡單且方便的方法，用來從HTML 頁面中提取所有的meta 信息。它直接返回一個關聯數組，數組的鍵是meta 標籤的屬性，值是相應的內容。該方法不需要額外的庫或依賴，適合快速提取簡單的meta 數據。

示例代碼： 

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2.02441L4.30371 1.97363C4.34801 1.86052 4.45804 1.78333 4.58301 1.7832Z"></path></svg>編輯</div></div></div><div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><?php
// 指定要解析的網頁 URL
$url = 'https://www.example.com';

// 使用 get_meta_tags 獲取 meta 資訊
$metaTags = get_meta_tags($url);

// 輸出所有的 meta 資訊
echo '<pre>';
print_r($metaTags);
echo '
'; ?>

輸出結果：

 <span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">Array</span></span><span>
(
    [description] => Example Domain
    [keywords] => example, domain
    [author] => Example Author
)
</span></span>

get_meta_tags函數能夠獲取標籤中的name或property屬性，如果網頁中存在這樣的標籤，它將會提取並返回相應的內容。不過， get_meta_tags也有一定的限制，它僅能解析常見的meta 標籤，且不支持複雜的HTML 結構或特殊屬性。

二、使用DOMDocument提取Meta 信息

相比get_meta_tags ， DOMDocument提供了更強大和靈活的功能。它能夠處理更加複雜和多樣化的HTML 結構，並且能夠針對每一個標籤進行更精確的操作。 DOMDocument是PHP 內建的一個類，允許你通過文檔對像模型（DOM）來解析HTML 和XML 內容。

示例代碼：

 <span><span><span class="hljs-meta"><?php</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 指定要解析的網頁 URL</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$url</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-string">'https://www.example.com'</span></span><span>;

</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 獲取网页內容</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$htmlContent</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">file_get_contents</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$url</span></span><span>);

</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 創建 DOMDocument 對象</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dom</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">new</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-title class_">DOMDocument</span></span><span>();

</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 關閉警告輸出（HTML 可能不符合標準）</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">libxml_use_internal_errors</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-literal">true</span></span><span>);

</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 載入 HTML 內容</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dom</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">loadHTML</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$htmlContent</span></span><span>);

</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 獲取所有的 <meta> 標籤</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$metaTags</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dom</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getElementsByTagName</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'meta'</span></span><span>);

</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 遍歷所有的 meta 標籤并提取內容</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">foreach</span></span><span> (</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$metaTags</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">as</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$meta</span></span><span>) {
    </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 獲取 meta 標籤的 name 和 content 屬性</span></span><span>
    </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$name</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$meta</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getAttribute</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'name'</span></span><span>);
    </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$property</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$meta</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getAttribute</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'property'</span></span><span>);
    </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$content</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$meta</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getAttribute</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'content'</span></span><span>);

    </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span><span> (</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$name</span></span><span> || </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$property</span></span><span>) {
        </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Name/Property: "</span></span><span> . (</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$name</span></span><span> ?: </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$property</span></span><span>) . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"<br>"</span></span><span>;
        </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Content: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$content</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"<br><br>"</span></span><span>;
    }
}
</span><span><span class="hljs-meta">?></span></span><span>
</span></span>

輸出結果：

 <span><span>Name/Property: description
Content: Example Domain

Name/Property: keywords
Content: example, domain
</span></span>

通過使用DOMDocument ，我們能夠更加細緻地操作網頁中的每一個元素。在上面的例子中，我們首先加載了HTML 頁面，然後通過getElementsByTagName('meta')獲取所有的標籤，接著提取出標籤中的name 、 property和content屬性。無論是標準的meta name還是Open Graph（OG）協議中的meta property ，都能夠一併獲取。

三、 get_meta_tags與DOMDocument的對比

雖然get_meta_tags和DOMDocument都能幫助我們提取網頁的meta 信息，但它們在使用場景和功能上各有不同。

優缺點對比：

特性get_meta_tags DOMDocument
簡單性非常簡單，代碼量少相對複雜，需要手動遍曆元素
靈活性只支持常見的meta 標籤支持所有HTML 元素，功能更強大
性能性能較好，適合快速提取處理複雜頁面時性能較差
錯誤處理無法處理不規則的HTML支持處理錯誤並提供詳細的調試信息
擴展性功能有限，擴展性差可以處理更複雜的HTML 和XML 格式

適用場景：

  • get_meta_tags ：適合簡單的頁面，尤其是當我們只需要提取基礎的meta 信息（如description、keywords 等）時，它更加高效。

  • DOMDocument ：適合處理結構複雜的HTML 頁面，特別是需要靈活提取不同標籤信息，或者處理含有嵌套標籤、腳本、樣式等的頁面時。

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