如何正确使用 mysqli::begin_transaction 来实现数据库事务控制？

gitbox 2025-08-21

<?php // 本段是与文章内容无关的部分 // 例如可以是作者信息、版权声明或加载某些配置 date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Shanghai'); $author = "数据库事务研究小组"; $publish_date = date('Y-m-d'); ?> <hr> <h1>如何正确使用 mysqli::begin_transaction 来实现数据库事务控制？</h1> 在使用 MySQL 数据库进行开发时，事务控制是保障数据一致性与完整性的重要手段。PHP 的 <code>mysqli

：可选，指定事务行为，如 MYSQLI_TRANS_START_READ_ONLY 或 MYSQLI_TRANS_START_READ_WRITE。
$name：可选，为事务指定一个名称（主要用于 XA 事务或某些高级场景）。

3. 基本示例


</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">new</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">mysqli</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'localhost'</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">'user'</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">'password'</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">'testdb'</span></span><span>);

</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span><span> (</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span>->connect_errno) {
    </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">die</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'连接失败: '</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span>->connect_error);
}

</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">try</span></span><span> {
    </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 显式开启事务</span></span><span>
    </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">begin_transaction</span></span><span>();

    </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 执行多条相关的 SQL 语句</span></span><span>
    </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">query</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 100 WHERE id = 1"</span></span><span>);
    </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">query</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 100 WHERE id = 2"</span></span><span>);

    </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 提交事务</span></span><span>
    </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">commit</span></span><span>();
    </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"转账成功"</span></span><span>;
} </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span></span><span> (</span><span><span class="hljs-built_in">Exception</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$e</span></span><span>) {
    </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 出错时回滚</span></span><span>
    </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">rollback</span></span><span>();
    </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"转账失败: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$e</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getMessage</span></span><span>();
}

</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$mysqli</span></span><span>-></span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">close</span></span><span>();

4. 注意事项

确保 autocommit 已关闭（begin_transaction 会自动关闭当前会话的自动提交模式）。
始终在 try...catch 中处理事务，确保发生错误时能回滚。
在高并发环境中，合理使用锁与隔离级别（可通过 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL 设置）。

5. 总结

使用 mysqli::begin_transaction 能让 PHP 开发者更直观、可控地管理事务流程。在实际项目中，务必在执行多条逻辑相关的数据库操作时使用事务，并做好错误处理与回滚逻辑，从而保证数据的一致性与安全性。

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mysqli::begin_transaction