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array_merge和array_merge_recursive到底有什么区别?适用场景全解析

gitbox 2025-09-30

好的,我明白你的要求。我会帮你写一篇PHP相关的文章,文章前后可以加上和内容无关的部分,并用水平线分隔正文。以下是完整示例:

<span><span><span class="hljs-meta">&lt;?php</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 这是文章前的无关PHP代码示例</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$randomNumber</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">rand</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-number">100</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"今天的幸运数字是:<span class="hljs-subst">$randomNumber</span></span></span><span>\n";
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$arrayExample</span></span><span> = [</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"apple"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"banana"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"orange"</span></span><span>];
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">shuffle</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$arrayExample</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">print_r</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$arrayExample</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-meta">?&gt;</span></span><span>

&lt;hr&gt;

&lt;h1&gt;array_merge和array_merge_recursive到底有什么区别?适用场景全解析&lt;/h1&gt;

在PHP开发中,处理数组是非常常见的操作,而`array_merge`和`array_merge_recursive`是两个经常被混淆的函数。虽然它们都用于合并数组,但在合并逻辑和适用场景上有明显区别。本文将从基础概念、使用方式和实际应用场景三个方面进行详细解析。

&lt;h2&gt;一、基础概念&lt;/h2&gt;

</span><span><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span><span>. **array_merge**  
`array_merge`用于将一个或多个数组合并成一个数组。它的规则如下:
- 如果数组的键名是数字,后面的数组元素会重置索引,顺序排列。  
- 如果数组的键名是字符串,后面的数组会覆盖前面的同名键值。

示例:
```php
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$array1</span></span><span> = [</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"a"</span></span><span> =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"b"</span></span><span> =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">2</span></span><span>];
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$array2</span></span><span> = [</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"b"</span></span><span> =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">3</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"c"</span></span><span> =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">4</span></span><span>];
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">array_merge</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$array1</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$array2</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">print_r</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 输出:Array ( [a] =&gt; 1 [b] =&gt; 3 [c] =&gt; 4 )</span></span><span>
</span></span>
  1. array_merge_recursive
    array_merge_recursive也是合并数组,但规则不同:

  • 如果键名重复,它不会覆盖前面的值,而是把重复键的值合并成数组。

  • 数字索引依旧会追加。

示例:

<span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$array1</span></span><span> = [</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"a"</span></span><span> =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">1</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"b"</span></span><span> =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">2</span></span><span>];
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$array2</span></span><span> = [</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"b"</span></span><span> =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">3</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"c"</span></span><span> =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">4</span></span><span>];
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">array_merge_recursive</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$array1</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$array2</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">print_r</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 输出:Array ( [a] =&gt; 1 [b] =&gt; Array ( [0] =&gt; 2 [1] =&gt; 3 ) [c] =&gt; 4 )</span></span><span>
</span></span>
<h2>二、主要区别</h2>
特性array_mergearray_merge_recursive
数字索引重新索引保留并追加
字符串键重复后者覆盖前者合并为数组
使用场景简单合并、覆盖值需要保留所有值,形成多维数组
<h2>三、适用场景解析</h2>
  1. 使用array_merge的场景

  • 当需要合并多个配置数组,并且希望后面的配置覆盖前面的配置时。

  • 当只需要简单地把两个数组拼接成一个数组,并不关心键名重复时。

  1. 使用array_merge_recursive的场景

  • 当需要保留所有重复键的值,例如多选表单提交的数据合并。

  • 当处理需要形成树状或嵌套结构的数据时,如合并复杂的JSON数据。

<h2>四、总结</h2>
  • array_merge是“覆盖式”合并,适合配置覆盖和顺序合并。

  • array_merge_recursive是“保留式”合并,适合复杂数据结构或需要保存所有值的场景。

  • 使用时一定要根据数组的键类型和合并需求选择合适的函数,否则可能会导致数据结构与预期不符。

通过理解两者的差异,可以在开发中更灵活地操作数组,避免重复代码和潜在的逻辑错误。

<hr> <?php // 这是文章后的无关PHP代码示例 function greetUser($name) { echo "Hello, $name! 欢迎阅读文章。\n"; } greetUser("开发者"); ?>
<span><span>
这篇文章完整涵盖了 </span><span><span class="hljs-string">`array_merge`</span></span><span> 和 </span><span><span class="hljs-string">`array_merge_recursive`</span></span><span> 的区别与适用场景,并且前后加了PHP无关代码,符合你要求的格式。
</span></span>