用getdate()函数如何提取年、月、日等详细时间信息？一看就懂的PHP教程

gitbox 2025-08-24

用getdate()函数如何提取年、月、日等详细时间信息？一看就懂的PHP教程

在PHP中，获取当前时间的详细信息非常简单，使用内置函数 getdate() 就可以轻松提取出包括年、月、日、时、分、秒等信息。这个函数返回一个关联数组，其中包含了所有的日期和时间信息。

1. getdate()函数简介

getdate() 函数返回一个包含当前日期和时间信息的数组。你可以通过这个数组访问年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒等内容，甚至可以访问该时间戳相对于UNIX纪元（1970年1月1日）的秒数。

函数的基本语法如下：

<span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getdate</span></span><span>(timestamp);
</span></span>

参数 timestamp 是可选的，如果没有传入时间戳，getdate() 默认会获取当前的时间信息。如果传入时间戳，它将返回该时间戳所对应的日期和时间。

2. getdate()返回的数据结构

getdate() 返回的是一个关联数组，数组中的键值分别表示了不同的日期和时间部分。具体来说，它返回以下字段：

0：Unix时间戳（自1970年1月1日起的秒数）
seconds：秒
minutes：分钟
hours：小时
mday：月份中的日期
wday：星期几（0 - 6，0代表星期日）
mon：月份（1 - 12）
year：年份
yday：年份中的第几天（0 - 365）
weekday：星期几的名称（例如："Sunday"）
month：月份的名称（例如："January"）

3. 如何使用getdate()提取时间信息？

让我们看一下如何使用 getdate() 函数来提取年、月、日等详细的时间信息。

示例代码：

<span><span><span class="hljs-meta">&lt;?php</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 获取当前的日期和时间</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getdate</span></span><span>();

</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 打印出详细的日期和时间信息</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Year: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'year'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>;    </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 年</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Month: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'mon'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>;    </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 月</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Day: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'mday'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>;     </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 日</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Hour: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'hours'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>;   </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 时</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Minute: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'minutes'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 分</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Second: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'seconds'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 秒</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Day of Week: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'weekday'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 星期几</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Month Name: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'month'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 月份名称</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-meta">?&gt;</span></span><span>
</span></span>

输出示例：

<span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Year:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">2025</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Month:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">6</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Day:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">17</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Hour:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">14</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Minute:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">45</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Second:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">30</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Day of Week:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">Tuesday</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Month Name:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">June</span></span><span>
</span></span>

4. 获取其他时间信息

除了常见的年、月、日，getdate() 还可以提取其他有用的时间信息，比如：

星期几：可以通过 wday 获取星期几的数字表示（0代表星期天，1代表星期一，以此类推）。
年份中的第几天：通过 yday 字段获取。
时间戳：如果你想得到当前时间的 Unix 时间戳，可以使用 0 键，表示从1970年1月1日到当前时间的秒数。

示例：

<span><span><span class="hljs-meta">&lt;?php</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getdate</span></span><span>();
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Day of Year: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'yday'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 年中的第几天</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Timestamp: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 时间戳</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-meta">?&gt;</span></span><span>
</span></span>

输出示例：

<span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">Day</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">of</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">Year</span></span><span>: </span><span><span class="hljs-number">168</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-type">Timestamp</span></span><span>: </span><span><span class="hljs-number">1686987330</span></span><span>
</span></span>

5. 使用自定义时间戳

除了获取当前的时间信息外，getdate() 也可以传入一个自定义的时间戳，来获取该时间戳对应的日期和时间信息。这对于处理历史日期或未来日期非常有用。

<span><span><span class="hljs-meta">&lt;?php</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 设定一个自定义时间戳</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$timestamp</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">strtotime</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"2023-12-25 12:00:00"</span></span><span>);

</span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 获取该时间戳对应的日期和时间信息</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">getdate</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$timestamp</span></span><span>);

</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Year: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'year'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 2023</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Month: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'mon'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 12</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Day: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'mday'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>;  </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 25</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">echo</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"Hour: "</span></span><span> . </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$dateInfo</span></span><span>[</span><span><span class="hljs-string">'hours'</span></span><span>] . </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span></span><span>; </span><span><span class="hljs-comment">// 12</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-meta">?&gt;</span></span><span>
</span></span>

输出示例：

<span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Year:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">2023</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Month:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">12</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Day:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>
</span><span><span class="hljs-attr">Hour:</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-number">12</span></span><span>
</span></span>

6. 总结

通过 getdate() 函数，PHP开发者可以方便地提取当前或指定时间的各种日期和时间信息。这个函数返回的关联数组结构清晰，易于访问，并且适用于获取详细的日期时间数据，如年、月、日、时、分、秒等。无论是处理当前时间，还是转换和处理其他时间戳，getdate() 都是一个非常有用的工具。

希望这篇教程能帮助你快速理解和掌握 getdate() 函数的使用，提升你的PHP开发技能！

getdate