使用PHP的compact函数时，如何有效处理空值或null值？

gitbox 2025-08-22

1. compact()函数的基本用法

compact()函数的基本语法如下：

<span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">compact</span></span><span>(...</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$var_names</span></span><span>)
</span></span>

参数$var_names是一个或多个字符串，表示要转化为数组的变量名。返回值是一个包含变量名及其对应值的关联数组。如果某个变量未定义或者其值为null，compact()仍会将该变量包含在返回的数组中。

举个例子：

<span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$name</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"John"</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$age</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$city</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"New York"</span></span><span>;

</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">compact</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"name"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"age"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"city"</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">print_r</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span>);
</span></span>

输出：

<span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">Array</span></span><span>
(
    [name] =&gt; John
    [age] =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>
    [city] =&gt; New York
)
</span></span>

在这个例子中，compact()函数成功将三个变量打包成一个数组。

2. compact()如何处理null值

PHP的compact()函数会将值为null的变量包含在返回的数组中，数组中的对应值会是null。

例如：

<span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$name</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-literal">null</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$age</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$city</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"New York"</span></span><span>;

</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">compact</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"name"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"age"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"city"</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">print_r</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span>);
</span></span>

输出：

<span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">Array</span></span><span>
(
    [name] =&gt; 
    [age] =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>
    [city] =&gt; New York
)
</span></span>

如上所示，name的值是null，但仍然出现在数组中，并且值为null。

3. 过滤掉null或空值

在某些场景下，我们并不希望null或者空值出现在返回的数组中。为了更好地处理这种情况，可以通过array_filter()函数对compact()的结果进行过滤。array_filter()可以移除数组中的空值（包括null、空字符串""等）。

<span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$name</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-literal">null</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$age</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$city</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"New York"</span></span><span>;

</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">array_filter</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">compact</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"name"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"age"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"city"</span></span><span>));
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">print_r</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span>);
</span></span>

输出：

<span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">Array</span></span><span>
(
    [age] =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>
    [city] =&gt; New York
)
</span></span>

通过array_filter()，null值的name被从结果中去除，最终只保留了有效的age和city。

4. 定制过滤规则

如果你想更加精确地控制过滤规则（比如将空字符串或零也从结果中过滤掉），可以在array_filter()中传入自定义的回调函数。

例如：

<span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$name</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-string">""</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$age</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$city</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-literal">null</span></span><span>;

</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">array_filter</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">compact</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"name"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"age"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"city"</span></span><span>), function(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$value</span></span><span>) {
    </span><span><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span><span> </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$value</span></span><span> !== </span><span><span class="hljs-literal">null</span></span><span> &amp;&amp; </span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$value</span></span><span> !== </span><span><span class="hljs-string">""</span></span><span>;
});

</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">print_r</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span>);
</span></span>

输出：

<span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">Array</span></span><span>
(
    [age] =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>
)
</span></span>

在这个例子中，回调函数确保了只有非null且非空字符串的值才会保留在最终的数组中。

5. 如何处理未定义的变量

如果在调用compact()时传入的某些变量未定义，它们会被自动忽略，不会出现在返回的数组中。然而，如果某个变量值为null，它仍然会出现在结果中。

<span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$age</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>;
</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$city</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"New York"</span></span><span>;

</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span> = </span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">compact</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-string">"name"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"age"</span></span><span>, </span><span><span class="hljs-string">"city"</span></span><span>);
</span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">print_r</span></span><span>(</span><span><span class="hljs-variable">$result</span></span><span>);
</span></span>

输出：

<span><span><span class="hljs-title function_ invoke__">Array</span></span><span>
(
    [age] =&gt; </span><span><span class="hljs-number">25</span></span><span>
    [city] =&gt; New York
)
</span></span>

在上述例子中，由于$name未定义，它没有出现在返回的数组中。

6. 总结

compact()是PHP中一个非常有用的函数，它将变量转化为关联数组。在处理null值时，compact()会将这些变量包含在数组中，且值为null。如果不希望数组中包含null或空值，可以通过array_filter()函数进行过滤，甚至可以定义自定义过滤规则以实现更细粒度的控制。

通过这些技巧，我们可以在使用compact()时更灵活地处理变量，确保返回的数组符合我们的需求。

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