English
English
In PHP, the explode function is a commonly used tool to split a string into an array based on a specified delimiter. Although explode returns a one-dimensional array by default, with smart combinations and nested usage, we can transform complex string formats into multidimensional arrays to meet structural data needs in real-world projects.
This article introduces practical tips for creating multidimensional arrays using the explode function, with specific examples to help you quickly learn and apply them.
<?php
$str = "apple,banana,orange";
$arr = explode(",", $str);
print_r($arr);
/*
Output:
Array
(
[0] => apple
[1] => banana
[2] => orange
)
*/
?>
Here, explode splits the string into a one-dimensional array using a comma as the delimiter.
Suppose we have a string that describes multiple groups of data, each containing several fields separated by different delimiters:
"Zhang San|18|Male,Li Si|20|Female,Wang Wu|22|Male"
This string represents three people, each with three fields (Name|Age|Gender), separated by commas between individuals.
Use explode in two levels to split it:
<?php
$data = "Zhang San|18|Male,Li Si|20|Female,Wang Wu|22|Male";
<p>// First split by commas to get individual person strings<br>
$people = explode(",", $data);</p>
<p>$result = [];<br>
foreach ($people as $person) {<br>
// Then split each person's attributes by vertical bar<br>
$result[] = explode("|", $person);<br>
}</p>
<p>print_r($result);<br>
/*<br>
Output:<br>
Array<br>
(<br>
[0] => Array<br>
(<br>
[0] => Zhang San<br>
[1] => 18<br>
[2] => Male<br>
)</p>
<pre class="overflow-visible!"><div class="contain-inline-size rounded-2xl border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary"><div class="flex items-center text-token-text-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between h-9 bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary select-none rounded-t-2xl">csharp</div><div class="sticky top-9"><div class="absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2"><div class="bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs"><button class="flex gap-1 items-center select-none py-1" aria-label="复制"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path d="M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 3.30859L8.33399 3.36524C8.03176 3.51923 7.77886 3.75343 7.60254 4.04102L7.53125 4.16699C7.4508 4.32498 7.39397 4.53655 7.36328 4.91211C7.33985 5.19893 7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 13.9619C14.8593 13.9895 14.4624 13.9935 13.9951 13.9951C13.9935 14.4624 13.9895 14.8593 13.9619 15.1963C13.9292 15.597 13.864 15.9576 13.7197 16.2939L13.6533 16.4365C13.3878 16.9576 12.9841 17.3941 12.4883 17.6982L12.2705 17.8203C11.8937 18.0123 11.4873 18.0915 11.0293 18.1289C10.5791 18.1657 10.022 18.165 9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg>复制</button><button class="flex items-center gap-1 py-1 select-none"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path d="M12.0303 4.11328C13.4406 2.70317 15.7275 2.70305 17.1377 4.11328C18.5474 5.52355 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15.7147 8.37336 15.6839 8.4834 15.6436L8.63672 15.5811C8.78817 15.5146 8.93356 15.4342 9.07031 15.3408L9.2168 15.2305C9.36965 15.1046 9.55583 14.9207 9.90527 14.5713L14.8926 9.58301L11.666 6.35742L6.67871 11.3447ZM16.1963 5.05371C15.3054 4.16304 13.8616 4.16305 12.9707 5.05371L12.6074 5.41602L15.833 8.64258L16.1963 8.2793C17.0869 7.38845 17.0869 5.94456 16.1963 5.05371Z"></path><path d="M4.58301 1.7832C4.72589 1.7832 4.84877 1.88437 4.87695 2.02441C4.99384 2.60873 5.22432 3.11642 5.58398 3.50391C5.94115 3.88854 6.44253 4.172 7.13281 4.28711C7.27713 4.3114 7.38267 4.43665 7.38281 4.58301C7.38281 4.7295 7.27723 4.8546 7.13281 4.87891C6.44249 4.99401 5.94116 5.27746 5.58398 5.66211C5.26908 6.00126 5.05404 6.43267 4.92676 6.92676L4.87695 7.1416C4.84891 7.28183 4.72601 7.38281 4.58301 7.38281C4.44013 7.38267 4.31709 7.28173 4.28906 7.1416C4.17212 6.55728 3.94179 6.04956 3.58203 5.66211C3.22483 5.27757 2.72347 4.99395 2.0332 4.87891C1.88897 4.85446 1.7832 4.72938 1.7832 4.58301C1.78335 4.43673 1.88902 4.3115 2.0332 4.28711C2.72366 4.17203 3.22481 3.88861 3.58203 3.50391C3.94186 3.11638 4.17214 2.60888 4.28906 2.02441L4.30371 1.97363C4.34801 1.86052 4.45804 1.78333 4.58301 1.7832Z"></path></svg>编辑</button></div></div></div><div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr">[1] => Array
(
[0] => Li Si
[1] => 20
[2] => Female
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => Wang Wu
[1] => 22
[2] => Male
)
)
*/
?>
In this way, we’ve used explode to convert the string into a two-dimensional array.
If your string structure is more complex with more nested fields, you can encapsulate a recursive function to split with multiple delimiters at different levels.
Example string:
"Subject1:Chinese,Math;Subject2:English,Physics"
Assume ; separates groups, : separates key-value pairs, and , separates arrays:
<?php
function multiExplode($delimiters, $string) {
$ready = str_replace($delimiters, $delimiters[0], $string);
$parts = explode($delimiters[0], $ready);
if (count($delimiters) == 1) {
return $parts;
}
array_shift($delimiters);
foreach ($parts as $key => $part) {
$parts[$key] = multiExplode($delimiters, $part);
}
return $parts;
}
<p>$str = "Subject1:Chinese,Math;Subject2:English,Physics";<br>
$result = multiExplode([';', ':', ','], $str);<br>
print_r($result);</p>
<p>/*<br>
Output:<br>
Array<br>
(<br>
[0] => Array<br>
(<br>
[0] => Subject1<br>
[1] => Array<br>
(<br>
[0] => Chinese<br>
[1] => Math<br>
)<br>
)</p>
<pre class="overflow-visible!"><div class="contain-inline-size rounded-2xl border-[0.5px] border-token-border-medium relative bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary"><div class="flex items-center text-token-text-secondary px-4 py-2 text-xs font-sans justify-between h-9 bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary select-none rounded-t-2xl">csharp</div><div class="sticky top-9"><div class="absolute end-0 bottom-0 flex h-9 items-center pe-2"><div class="bg-token-sidebar-surface-primary text-token-text-secondary dark:bg-token-main-surface-secondary flex items-center gap-4 rounded-sm px-2 font-sans text-xs"><button class="flex gap-1 items-center select-none py-1" aria-label="复制"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path d="M12.668 10.667C12.668 9.95614 12.668 9.46258 12.6367 9.0791C12.6137 8.79732 12.5758 8.60761 12.5244 8.46387L12.4688 8.33399C12.3148 8.03193 12.0803 7.77885 11.793 7.60254L11.666 7.53125C11.508 7.45087 11.2963 7.39395 10.9209 7.36328C10.5374 7.33197 10.0439 7.33203 9.33301 7.33203H6.5C5.78896 7.33203 5.29563 7.33195 4.91211 7.36328C4.63016 7.38632 4.44065 7.42413 4.29688 7.47559L4.16699 7.53125C3.86488 7.68518 3.61186 7.9196 3.43555 8.20703L3.36524 8.33399C3.28478 8.49198 3.22795 8.70352 3.19727 9.0791C3.16595 9.46259 3.16504 9.95611 3.16504 10.667V13.5C3.16504 14.211 3.16593 14.7044 3.19727 15.0879C3.22797 15.4636 3.28473 15.675 3.36524 15.833L3.43555 15.959C3.61186 16.2466 3.86474 16.4807 4.16699 16.6348L4.29688 16.6914C4.44063 16.7428 4.63025 16.7797 4.91211 16.8027C5.29563 16.8341 5.78896 16.835 6.5 16.835H9.33301C10.0439 16.835 10.5374 16.8341 10.9209 16.8027C11.2965 16.772 11.508 16.7152 11.666 16.6348L11.793 16.5645C12.0804 16.3881 12.3148 16.1351 12.4688 15.833L12.5244 15.7031C12.5759 15.5594 12.6137 15.3698 12.6367 15.0879C12.6681 14.7044 12.668 14.211 12.668 13.5V10.667ZM13.998 12.665C14.4528 12.6634 14.8011 12.6602 15.0879 12.6367C15.4635 12.606 15.675 12.5492 15.833 12.4688L15.959 12.3975C16.2466 12.2211 16.4808 11.9682 16.6348 11.666L16.6914 11.5361C16.7428 11.3924 16.7797 11.2026 16.8027 10.9209C16.8341 10.5374 16.835 10.0439 16.835 9.33301V6.5C16.835 5.78896 16.8341 5.29563 16.8027 4.91211C16.7797 4.63025 16.7428 4.44063 16.6914 4.29688L16.6348 4.16699C16.4807 3.86474 16.2466 3.61186 15.959 3.43555L15.833 3.36524C15.675 3.28473 15.4636 3.22797 15.0879 3.19727C14.7044 3.16593 14.211 3.16504 13.5 3.16504H10.667C9.9561 3.16504 9.46259 3.16595 9.0791 3.19727C8.79739 3.22028 8.6076 3.2572 8.46387 3.30859L8.33399 3.36524C8.03176 3.51923 7.77886 3.75343 7.60254 4.04102L7.53125 4.16699C7.4508 4.32498 7.39397 4.53655 7.36328 4.91211C7.33985 5.19893 7.33562 5.54719 7.33399 6.00195H9.33301C10.022 6.00195 10.5791 6.00131 11.0293 6.03809C11.4873 6.07551 11.8937 6.15471 12.2705 6.34668L12.4883 6.46875C12.984 6.7728 13.3878 7.20854 13.6533 7.72949L13.7197 7.87207C13.8642 8.20859 13.9292 8.56974 13.9619 8.9707C13.9987 9.42092 13.998 9.97799 13.998 10.667V12.665ZM18.165 9.33301C18.165 10.022 18.1657 10.5791 18.1289 11.0293C18.0961 11.4302 18.0311 11.7914 17.8867 12.1279L17.8203 12.2705C17.5549 12.7914 17.1509 13.2272 16.6553 13.5313L16.4365 13.6533C16.0599 13.8452 15.6541 13.9245 15.1963 13.9619C14.8593 13.9895 14.4624 13.9935 13.9951 13.9951C13.9935 14.4624 13.9895 14.8593 13.9619 15.1963C13.9292 15.597 13.864 15.9576 13.7197 16.2939L13.6533 16.4365C13.3878 16.9576 12.9841 17.3941 12.4883 17.6982L12.2705 17.8203C11.8937 18.0123 11.4873 18.0915 11.0293 18.1289C10.5791 18.1657 10.022 18.165 9.33301 18.165H6.5C5.81091 18.165 5.25395 18.1657 4.80371 18.1289C4.40306 18.0962 4.04235 18.031 3.70606 17.8867L3.56348 17.8203C3.04244 17.5548 2.60585 17.151 2.30176 16.6553L2.17969 16.4365C1.98788 16.0599 1.90851 15.6541 1.87109 15.1963C1.83431 14.746 1.83496 14.1891 1.83496 13.5V10.667C1.83496 9.978 1.83432 9.42091 1.87109 8.9707C1.90851 8.5127 1.98772 8.10625 2.17969 7.72949L2.30176 7.51172C2.60586 7.0159 3.04236 6.6122 3.56348 6.34668L3.70606 6.28027C4.04237 6.136 4.40303 6.07083 4.80371 6.03809C5.14051 6.01057 5.53708 6.00551 6.00391 6.00391C6.00551 5.53708 6.01057 5.14051 6.03809 4.80371C6.0755 4.34588 6.15483 3.94012 6.34668 3.56348L6.46875 3.34473C6.77282 2.84912 7.20856 2.44514 7.72949 2.17969L7.87207 2.11328C8.20855 1.96886 8.56979 1.90385 8.9707 1.87109C9.42091 1.83432 9.978 1.83496 10.667 1.83496H13.5C14.1891 1.83496 14.746 1.83431 15.1963 1.87109C15.6541 1.90851 16.0599 1.98788 16.4365 2.17969L16.6553 2.30176C17.151 2.60585 17.5548 3.04244 17.8203 3.56348L17.8867 3.70606C18.031 4.04235 18.0962 4.40306 18.1289 4.80371C18.1657 5.25395 18.165 5.81091 18.165 6.5V9.33301Z"></path></svg>复制</button><button class="flex items-center gap-1 py-1 select-none"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-xs"><path d="M12.0303 4.11328C13.4406 2.70317 15.7275 2.70305 17.1377 4.11328C18.5474 5.52355 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15.7147 8.37336 15.6839 8.4834 15.6436L8.63672 15.5811C8.78817 15.5146 8.93356 15.4342 9.07031 15.3408L9.2168 15.2305C9.36965 15.1046 9.55583 14.9207 9.90527 14.5713L14.8926 9.58301L11.666 6.35742L6.67871 11.3447ZM16.1963 5.05371C15.3054 4.16304 13.8616 4.16305 12.9707 5.05371L12.6074 5.41602L15.833 8.64258L16.1963 8.2793C17.0869 7.38845 17.0869 5.94456 16.1963 5.05371Z"></path><path d="M4.58301 1.7832C4.72589 1.7832 4.84877 1.88437 4.87695 2.02441C4.99384 2.60873 5.22432 3.11642 5.58398 3.50391C5.94115 3.88854 6.44253 4.172 7.13281 4.28711C7.27713 4.3114 7.38267 4.43665 7.38281 4.58301C7.38281 4.7295 7.27723 4.8546 7.13281 4.87891C6.44249 4.99401 5.94116 5.27746 5.58398 5.66211C5.26908 6.00126 5.05404 6.43267 4.92676 6.92676L4.87695 7.1416C4.84891 7.28183 4.72601 7.38281 4.58301 7.38281C4.44013 7.38267 4.31709 7.28173 4.28906 7.1416C4.17212 6.55728 3.94179 6.04956 3.58203 5.66211C3.22483 5.27757 2.72347 4.99395 2.0332 4.87891C1.88897 4.85446 1.7832 4.72938 1.7832 4.58301C1.78335 4.43673 1.88902 4.3115 2.0332 4.28711C2.72366 4.17203 3.22481 3.88861 3.58203 3.50391C3.94186 3.11638 4.17214 2.60888 4.28906 2.02441L4.30371 1.97363C4.34801 1.86052 4.45804 1.78333 4.58301 1.7832Z"></path></svg>编辑</button></div></div></div><div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr">[1] => Array
(
[0] => Subject2
[1] => Array
(
[0] => English
[1] => Physics
)
)
)
*/
?>
This function uses recursion to flexibly convert a string with any number of delimiter levels into a multidimensional array.
When parsing a multidimensional array and you know the exact number of elements, you can use the list syntax to quickly assign values:
<?php
$str = "Tom|25|USA";
list($name, $age, $country) = explode("|", $str);
echo "Name: $name, Age: $age, Country: $country";
/*
Output:
Name: Tom, Age: 25, Country: USA
*/
?>
This approach is concise and suitable for parsing single entries with a fixed format.
When handling URL parameters, explode is very handy, for example, in parsing query strings:
<?php
$url = "https://gitbox.net/path/index.php?name=Tom&age=25&country=USA";
$query = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_QUERY); // Get the query string
$params = explode("&", $query);
<p>$result = [];<br>
foreach ($params as $param) {<br>
list($key, $value) = explode("=", $param);<br>
$result[$key] = $value;<br>
}<br>
print_r($result);</p>
<p>/*<br>
Output:<br>
Array<br>
(<br>
[name] => Tom<br>
[age] => 25<br>
[country] => USA<br>
)<br>
*/<br>
?><br>
Here, we use explode to break the query string into a key-value array.
explode returns a one-dimensional array, but you can easily create multidimensional arrays with nested usage.
By combining loops and recursion, you can flexibly parse complex string formats.
Using list makes it convenient to extract data quickly.
When parsing URLs or similar formats, explode is highly efficient.
Once you master these techniques, you’ll be able to use explode to handle various string data scenarios in real-world projects and build multidimensional array structures with ease.
Related Tags:
explode
