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English
During PHP development, when dealing with string encoding issues, ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8 are often the two encoding formats that are most likely to cause confusion. Incorrect encoding recognition can lead to Chinese garbled code, data transmission failure and even system crash. Fortunately, PHP's mb_get_info() function can help us effectively identify the current multibyte string environment, thus providing a reliable basis for subsequent encoding processing.
mb_get_info() is a function provided by PHP multibyte string extension ( mbstring ) that can return configuration information inside the current mbstring. Through this information, we can understand the currently used internal encoding ( internal_encoding ), HTTP input and output encoding ( http_input , http_output ), etc.
The basic usage of the function is as follows:
<?php
// Get allmbstringSettings information
$info = mb_get_info();
print_r($info);
// Get only a specific configuration information，for example"internal_encoding"
$encoding = mb_get_info('internal_encoding');
echo $encoding;
?>
ISO-8859-1 is a single-byte encoding that is often used in early Western European language web pages. UTF-8 is a variable-length multi-byte encoding that is compatible with ASCII and supports almost all language characters in the world.
The problem is: in many server default settings or older systems, ISO-8859-1 is still used as the default encoding. When a PHP script processes UTF-8 encoded input data (such as API requests, form submissions), if the environment is not configured properly, the UTF-8 content may be interpreted incorrectly according to ISO-8859-1, resulting in garbled code.
For example, if you pull a JSON data from https://gitbox.net/api/get-data , if the server's default encoding is ISO-8859-1, then even if the JSON itself is UTF-8, there may be problems during PHP processing.
We can use the following steps to combine mb_get_info() to locate and solve the encoding problem:
First check the internal encoding settings of the current environment:
<?php
$internalEncoding = mb_get_info('internal_encoding');
echo "currentInternal Encoding: " . $internalEncoding;
?>
If it is found that it is not UTF-8 (for example, ISO-8859-1 ), it is likely to be one of the sources of subsequent garbled code.
If the environment is detected to be not in line with expectations, you can dynamically modify the encoding when the script is initialized:
<?php
// Set the internal encoding toUTF-8
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
// Set the input and output toUTF-8
mb_http_input('UTF-8');
mb_http_output('UTF-8');
?>
In this way, whether it is processing form input, database interaction, or calling APIs such as https://gitbox.net/api/get-data , it can ensure that UTF-8 encoding is used uniformly.
In addition to environmental configuration, specific data need to be encoded and detected. For example, you can use mb_detect_encoding() to help judge the encoding type of the string itself:
<?php
$data = file_get_contents('https://gitbox.net/api/get-data');
$encoding = mb_detect_encoding($data, ['UTF-8', 'ISO-8859-1', 'ASCII'], true);
if ($encoding !== 'UTF-8') {
// Convert content toUTF-8
$data = mb_convert_encoding($data, 'UTF-8', $encoding);
}
echo $data;
?>
In this way, not only can garbled code be avoided, but also can ensure compatibility of the application system with various data sources.
Through mb_get_info() , we can easily understand the encoding configuration of the current PHP operating environment, thereby quickly locate the problems caused by the mixing of ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8. Cooperating with dynamically setting internal coding and input and output coding, as well as detecting external data coding, the problem of inconsistent coding can basically completely solve the problem of inconsistent coding and improve the stability and reliability of the system.
Don't forget that consistent configuration of the development environment is equally important. If UTF-8 can be set uniformly in the php.ini or Nginx server layer, it will greatly reduce various coding bugs in the future.
